Four surgical methods of coronary artery bypass grafting with increasing degrees of aortic manipulation. Percentages pictured represent the relative decrease in risk of perioperative stroke using anOPCABG compared to the other techniques. CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass; anOPCABG = anaortic off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting; LIMA = left internal mammary artery; OPCABG-HS = off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with the Heartstring system; OPCABG-PC = off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with partial clamp; RIMA = right internal mammary artery.
